Вариант 18
Раздел 1. Аудирование
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждую букву, обозначающую утверждение, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в поле справа.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
1. A strange dress can be a pass to free college education.
2. Even the rich were not allowed to wear what they wanted.
3. Clothes can bring back sad memories.
4. Clothes perform different roles with time.
5. They make unique clothes for all kinds of performing artists.
6. The choice of cloth was determined by climate.
7. Fashion rules for women are very flexible today.
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
A. Ella is drinking coffee with Brian every Friday.
B. Softball is a kind of football.
C. Softball involves taking part in many competitions.
D. Brian doesn’t have the opportunity to surf in Washington.
E. Initially Brian surfed on extremely big waves.
F. Baseball needs tougher discipline than softball.
G. American football is the most liked game among students.
When did Lucas start acting?
1) After he came to Los Angeles.
2) Before he came to Los Angeles.
3) After he came to Salt Lake City.
What did he attend?
1) A music school
2) An acting school
3) Drama classes
Who told his mom about the plans to put on “High School Musical”?
1) His drama teacher.
2) The director of the theatre.
3) His friend.
What exactly was Lucas doing when he was working on the musical?
1) He was speaking to his director.
2) He was singing.
3) He was dancing.
How does Lucas spend his weekends?
1) He goes for a walk.
2) He visits his friends.
3) He listens to music.
What did Lucas organize before moving to Los Angeles?
1) A city meeting.
2) An exhibition.
3) A benefit show.
What advice does he give?
1) To work in a restaurant.
2) To experience life.
3) To find a director.
Раздел 2. Чтение
1. For adventurous skiers
2. Especially good in autumn
3. For the rich and lazy
4. Not just for gamblers
5. Like an island in heaven
6. Film-makers like it
7. Looking down from up there
8. Probably the best one of five
A. If you go to the Insular Mountain Range of Vancouver Island and face the open Pacific Ocean, be ready to experience the magnificent natural and cultural heritage ot Canada's west coast. If you decide to go deeper into the island, you will find a lush coastal rainforest that gives way to bountiful and diverse intertidal and subtidal areas. And to top it all off, there are breathtaking beaches that make this an island paradise.
B. The resort town of Whistler is about a two-hour drive from Vancouver. Whistler offers visitors fine food and spas, but mostly it is popular among tourists for the opportunities it offers for adventure. Whistler and Blackcomb Mountains make Whistler one of the best destinations in the world for first-class skiing. The passage between the two mountains creates a unique terrain one mile above the village, providing a year-round skiable territory.
C. A prized national treasure, Banff National Park is one of five national parks in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. It attracts millions of visitors each year for camping, hiking, biking, skiing, fishing or just relaxing. A full range of accommodation, restaurants and shops can be found in the resort. Two of the most famous and historic Canadian hotels, the Fairmont Banff Springs and the Chateau Lake Louise, are located in these towns as well.
D. Niagara Falls is maybe the most famous in the world, attracting millions of tourists each year. However, it has a certain reputation for being partly a small-scale Las Vegas and a theme park, because in addition to Niagara Falls the tourists can visit a casino resort with fine hotels and restaurants. Although this area is improving very quickly and everyone can easily find what they like, the Niagara region as a whole is worth deeper exploration.
E. Tourists are naturally drawn to tall buildings where they can get a bird’s eye view of a city. The CN tower, located in downtown Toronto, is the tallest free standing structure in the world. Unfortunately, elevated observation usually comes at an equally elevated price, and the CN Tower is no different. However, tourists love it and the glass elevator takes them to the glass-floored outdoor observation deck which is a real thrill for both kids and grownups.
F. The 300 km long Cabot Trail is famous for its panorama views of the Atlantic Ocean. The trail is especially popular in the fall when the views are the most spectacular. Even though the drive into this area usually takes a few hours, once there, tourists can spend a day or two stopping in at one or two of the towns along the trail, relaxing and enjoying the magnificent nature all around.
G. By. North American standards, Vancouver is a young city. But- what it lacks in history it compensates for with its unique blend of urban and natural features. Thanks to its high- fashion boutiques, it has earned the nickname “North Hollywood.” Vancouver’s breathtaking views are often chosen as the setting for popular television shows and major motion pictures. Often tourists are surprised to recognize landmarks from their favorite films and shows.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке лишняя.
1. children whose first language is not English benefit even more
2. who want to work and
3. but keeping skills in the home language also
4. to level the playing field for children living in poverty
5. meet the highest professional standards
6. who start high-quality education earlier and
7. which in large part explains high-quality early education’s powerful effects
New research from Child Development Institute reveals that high- quality early education is especially advantageous for children when they start younger and continue longer. Not only does more high-quality early education significantly boost the language skills of children from low-income families, but also A______.
Scientists said previous research has shown language skills are most flexible for children before age 4, В______. The study examined children’s receptive language skills the ability to hear and understand words because these particular skills are an excellent predictor of later academic success. Educare’s comprehensive approach to early childhood education aims C ___________________. This new study confirms that we need to include the earliest years of life as a part of our nation’s education system.
The Educare program provides full-day, full-year centre-based education and care in class-rooms that D_____________for teacher education, group size, and child-teacher ratios.
Many people traditionally have viewed early care for infants primarily as a support for mothers E____________not as an essential component of early schooling. However, findings from the study add to a growing body of research revealing better outcomes for children from low-income families F ___________stay in it longer.
The number of young children who speak a other language than English at home is growing, and this study contributes new valuable information to the field.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
The most deadly weather-related disasters aren’t necessarily caused by floods, droughts or hurricanes. They can be caused by heat waves, like the sweltering blanket that’s taken over 2,500 lives in India in recent weeks.
Temperatures broke 118 degrees in the parts of the country. The death toll is still being tallied, and many heat-related deaths will be recognized only after the fact. Yet it’s already the deadliest heat wave to hit India since at least 1998 and, by some accounts, the fourth or fifth deadliest worldwide since 1900.
These heat waves will only become more common as the planet continues to warm. They don’t just affect tropical, developing countries; they’re a threat throughout the world. The July 1995 heat wave in the Midwest caused over 700 deaths in Chicago. The August 2003 heat wave in western Europe led to about 45,000 deaths. The July-August 2010 heat wave in western Russia killed about 54,000 people.
But as anyone who’s spent a summer in the eastern United States knows, it’s not just the heat; it’s also the humidity. Together, they can be lethal, even if the heat doesn’t seem quite so extreme.
Scientists measure the combination using a metric known as wet-bulb temperature. It’s called that because it can be measured with a thermometer wrapped in a wet cloth, distinguishing it from the commonly reported drybulb temperature, measured in open air. Wet-bulb temperature can also be calculated from relative humidity, surface pressure and air temperature. It’s essentially a measure of how well you can cool your skin by sweating, which is how humans stay alive in the worst heat. But high humidity can defeat that cooling system; it makes the heat that much more dangerous.
The wet-bulb temperature is not typically reported. While dangerous levels depend on a person’s activity level and clothing, wet-bulb temperature offers a stark measure of risk in a warming world that will experience more extreme combinations of both heat and humidity. Temperature and wet-bulb temperature are not in a one-to-one relationship; both higher temperatures and higher humidities increase wet-bulb temperature. For instance, during the Chicago heat wave, on July 13, 1995, the maximum wet-bulb temperature of 85 degrees occurred at noon when the temperature was 99 degrees. But when it hit 106 degrees at 5 p.m., the wet-bulb temperature was 83 degrees. The former was more dangerous.
A human’s core temperature is about 98.6 degrees, but the skin temperature of the trunk is about 4 to 9 degrees colder, depending on how warm it is and how active a person is. But sweating, which helps keep the core body temperature constant, becomes increasingly ineffective in increasingly humid air, and it can never cool the skin to below the wet-bulb temperature.
A person who is physically active at a wet-bulb temperature of 80 degrees will have trouble maintaining a constant core temperature and risks overheating. A sedentary person who is naked and in the shade will run into the same problem at a wet-bulb temperature of 92 degrees. A wet- bulb temperature of 95 degrees is lethal after about six hours.
In the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, the highest wet-bulb temperatures of the latest heat wave have peaked around 86 degrees — levels approaching the worst of the 1995 Midwest heat wave, which set records in the United States for humid heat.
Heat waves are the natural disasters easiest to tie to climate change. Statistical analyses and climate modeling indicate that the 2010 Russian heat wave was about five times more likely to have occurred in 2010 than it would have been in the cooler 1960s. An analysis conducted after the 2003 European heat wave concluded that it was twice as likely as it would have been before the Industrial Revolution. A recent study in the journal Nature Climate Change found that the 1.5 degrees of global warming since the start of the Industrial Revolution had quadrupled the probability of moderate heat extremes.
What problem is raised in the article?
1) The problem of heat waves.
2) The problem of droughts.
3) The problem of hurricanes.
4) The problem of floods.
According to the author, the heat wave will become more common because ...
1) the climate influences ill people.
2) the climate on the planet is becoming warmer.
3) people are moving to warm countries.
4) the climate is changing because of people’s activity.
What idea is stressed by the author?
1) Heat waves affect tropical, developing countries.
2) Different countries all over the world face this problem.
3) Heat waves affect European countries most of all.
4) The influence of heat waves depends on the country and its location.
According to the author, heat waves are dangerous not only because of high temperatures but...
1) because of moisture.
2) because of climate change.
3) because of contamination.
4) because of deforestation and fires.
The temperature is measured with ...
1) bulbs calculating climate changes.
2) special tools to forecast temperature.
3) metric devices all over the world.
4) a thermometer wrapped in a wet cloth.
What does wet-bulb temperature offer?
1) Dangerous levels of a person’s activity.
2) Extreme combinations of heat and humidity all over the world.
3) A stark measure of risk in a warming world.
4) Dangers people face during heat waves.
What idea is stressed in the last paragraph?
1) The situation in the world is worsening.
2) The situation in the world doesn’t change.
3) The situation in the world is stable.
4) The situation in the world is improving.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные жирными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Перенесите полученный ответ в соответствующее поле справа. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19 — 24. Ответ пишите без пробелов и иных знаков.
BECOMEFor centuries, the Greeks had ignored the mountain people who lived to the north in Macedonia. In 359 BC, Philip___________ the king of Macedonians. Philip’s life centered on a great dream. He wanted to unite Greece.
LONGIn order to achieve this goal, Philip built a mighty army and attacked the southern city- states. These city-states were unable to defeat Philip. The Greeks could no_________ignore the people to the north.
COMBINEIn 339 BC, his army crushed the _______ forces of Athens and its allics. Philip died, but his dream survived.
HEHis 20-year-old son, Alexander, succeeded _____________. Alexander was trained well for his great task. He learned military strategy from his father Philip.
TEACHBefore he began his series of conquests, Aristotle, his teacher,_________him science.
TAKEIn 334 BC, he began his series of conquests by ____________over Egypt. Then he conquered West India and created the largest empire in the world of that time.
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные жирными буквам в конце строк 25—29, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните соответствующее поле справа полученными словами. Каждое поле соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
ORIGINALThe Banqueting House stands on a site that was______________the property of the Archbishops of York. It is the last remaining fragment of the Palace of Whitehall in Central London.
CREATEThe Palace of Whitehall was largely the____________of Henry VIII, expanding an earlier mansion that had belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, originally known as York Place.
RESIDENTThe King was determined that his new ________should be the ‘biggest palace in Christendom’. The first permanent banqueting house at Whitehall had a short life.
PLACEIt was burned down by workmen clearing up after the New Year’s festivities, who decided to incinerate the rubbish inside the building. An immediate ________ was commissioned from the fashionable architect Inigo Jones.
HARMONYHis Whitehall was to be a prime example of a simple, classically inspired design. Jones made no attempt to__________his design with the Tudor Palace of which it was to be part.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30 — 36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30 — 36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Online degrees are designed for individuals who already have a job and would like to 32________their careers, or for those who are simply not able to physically 33_________university. The whole idea behind this is to deliver quality education to people who are not in a position to 34__________on full-time studies. Distance learning degrees are 35_________to on-campus degrees in terms of 36____________and online students often follow the same syllabus as university students.
Universities offer two 37____________types of distance learning: online and correspondence courses. There are several advantages to this means of learning. Firstly, students save money on rent or on travel to and from the university, as well as on food. Studying online means that you can 38_____________your lessons from anywhere in the world as long as you have an internet connection. The content of the course is usually permanently available online.
participate
attend
involve
observe
participate
attend
involve
observe
take
bring
put
go
same
like
alike
similar
subject
content
load
amount
chief
central
principal
main
get
follow
give
hold
Раздел 4. Письмо
При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Jack:
From: [email protected]
Subject: Welcome
...This year we started learning French. I think it’s fun. I can already use some simple phrases. I like the melody of the language, but it’s quite difficult to pronounce some sounds. Is English the only foreign language that pupils learn in Russia or can you choose other foreign languages? Is it fun to learn a foreign language for you? How do you plan to use it in the future?
By the way, I was elected to our School Government and hope to get the position of the Minister of Sports...
Write an email to Jack.
In your message answer her questions, ask 3 questions about [b]the rights and responsibilities of members of the School Government.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
38.1.Imagine that you are doing a project on how young people in Zetland prefer to celebrate New Year. You have found some data on the subject – the result of the opinion polls (see the table below). Comment on the data in the table and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
— select and report 2-3 facts;
— make 1-2 comparisons where relevant;
— outline a problem that can arise with the ways young people prefer to celebrate New Year and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving your opinion on the best way for a teenager to celebrate New Year.
38. 2. Imagine that you are doing a project on doing a project on why young people in Zetland do extreme sports. You have found some data on the subject – the result of the opinion polls (see the diagram below).Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
— select and report 2-3 facts;
— make 1-2 comparisons where relevant;
— outline a problem that can arise with the reasons why young people do extreme sports and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving your opinion on the role of extreme sports in the life of young people.
Раздел 5. Говорение
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Have you ever thought about where your food comes from? Most of us likely buy our food from a local grocery store, but have you ever thought about where food such as strawberries or bananas are actually grown? Or how far the salmon behind the fish counter has travelled? Nowadays we have access to all types of foods, even if they aren’t in season or even native to the United States. How our food is grown, processed, stored, and transported around the world makes a huge impact on our environment and climate change. ‘Food Miles’ is the term used to describe the distance that our food travels from the point where it is grown to the point where we buy it. Food miles can create enormous amounts of pollution. This pollution comes from the airplanes, ships, trains, and trucks that food travels on to get to where it needs to go.
Study the advertisement.
You are considering having a holiday and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:
You have 20 seconds to ask each questions.
1. Where is your hotel located?
2. What types of accommodation are available?
3. Is it possible to fish there?
4. What is the price for a week for one?
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2−3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss higher education. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: How many of your peers want to continue their education after high school?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Why do so many people in the modern world go to university?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What advantages does higher education provide?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Are you planning to go to university? Why?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What are the disadvantages of higher education?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
1. A lot of my peers really want to continue their education after high school. They believe that higher education will help them to get a good job and useful skills and knowledge.
2. I think that many people in the modern world go to university, because they want to get good education and want to have oportunity to get well-paid job. Also people can meet interesting friends.
3. Higher education allows people to acquire fundamental knowledge, gives the opportunity to enter postgraduate studies and to realize people's ideas and ambitions. This is advantages.
4. Yes, I am planning to go to university. I want to be a doctor, that is why I need to choose the good university, to pass exams well and to get good skills.
5. The disadvantages of higher education are very long training, complex programs, many exams and sometimes poor quality education. Also it is psycho-emotional load.
Imagine that you are doing a project "Ways of fishing" together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos:
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.
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