Вариант 23
Раздел 1. Аудирование
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждую букву, обозначающую утверждение, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в поле справа.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
1. The cat can do different activities in this piece of furniture.
2. Pets’ food should be kept away.
3. The best way is to prepare a comfortable bed for the pet.
4. It is better to block access to furniture using special items.
5. These ways help to improve the cat’s behavior at night.
6. Making the furniture uncomfortable for cats is the best way.
7. Using tasty things may help to teach the cat.
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
A. Kate is good at acting.
B. Separation of personal and professional life is significant.
C. Kate is going to become a celebrity.
D. Kate wants to have a scandalous story behind her name.
E. Doing research about names is not necessary.
F. A childhood nickname is difficult to find on-line.
G. Kate will use her family tree as inspiration.
Recognizing and diagnosing the problem will become easier if...
1) causes of discomfort are examined carefully.
2) one talks to the eye doctor in advance
3) the symptoms are identified in time.
How can allergies spread?
1) By water.
2) By air.
3) By dust.
While giving yourself first aid it is not necessary to ...
1) take pills for allergies.
2) follow the instructions of ophthalmologist.
3) avoid pets and other animals.
What is the most essential point about lenses?
1) The recommended wear times.
2) The quality.
3) The manufacturer.
It is possible to wear lenses constantly after ...
1) one third of a month.
2) two weeks.
3) a couple of days.
What is important to avoid improper use of contact lens
1) Learn the signs of a serious problem.
2) Make sure the lenses are not inside out.
3) Wash your hands thoroughly.
What is the last advice of the specialist?
1) Rinse your contacts.
2) Re-insert your clean lenses.
3) Use rewetting drops.
Раздел 2. Чтение
1. Former owners are found
2. Sources of historical date
3. Pay attention to the design
4. Searching public information
5. A copy of your property’s abstract
6. Identifying styles and materials
7. Looking for old things
8. Exploring painted walls
A. Researching the history of your house is not only an exciting trip into the past, but it can tell you how the house was built and give you clues as to how it should be maintained. You can research the history of your house by examining the house itself, looking at government records, and reading through historical archives. Go to your local library or research on-line to find out the design style of your house and when that style was popular in your area.
B. If your house has a mansard roof, for example, it was likely built in the late 19th century. However, keep in mind that certain styles and housing designs were still being built in areas that are more provincial long after they had fallen out of favor in urban centres, so the location of your house will be important in identifying the era in which it was built. Look closely both inside and outside your house, and try to identify building materials used.
C. Cabinetry and design styles go in and out of fashion through the years, and these details tell you something about its history. The types of nails and molding used can provide some important clues as to when your house was built. You can review design books or look on-line to find other instances of original molding or cabinetry to help date your house. Even if these elements are not original, dating them can provide clues as to when that particular room was remodeled.
D. The walls of an older house may have 10 or more layers of paint. A professional can help you to analyze the age of the lower layers of paint. The colours used also can provide clues, since different interior colours go in and out of fashion through the years. The composition of the paint also can be analyzed to link it to a particular era, since paint has been made using different chemical compounds over the years.
E. You typically can uncover the names of previous owners by looking through the deed history of your house. Once you have a name, you can track them down on the internet for free, or through a commercial people-locator service. The best way to contact a previous owner typically is by sending a letter. Explain who you are and why you want to contact them. Provide them a means to contact you back if they are willing to talk.
F. You may need to make a trip to your local historical society. Moreover, a metal detector can be a great way to uncover old coins and other artifacts that may add their own unique story to your house and help you to learn more about the house’s history and its previous owners. Take care digging up artifacts in your yard. You may want to contact an archaeologist or local historian if you believe you have found something of possible historic significance.
G. The government office that issues building permits should have public records pertaining to your house. The building permit can contain a treasure trove of information including the house’s original dimensions, construction dates and costs, and the names of the people originally involved in its construction. Keep in mind that you typically must pay a small fee to acquire these documents. If your house is hundreds of years old, you may need to visit the local historical society to find the building permit.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке лишняя.
1. which damaged and destroyed hundreds more homes
2. the poorest country in the Americas
3. most of which enclose the sea
4. also known as the New World
5. which were unable to withstand the storm
6. after being pummeled by Category 4 storm Hurricane Matthew
7. which many feared might rival
The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands, A____________, and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.
The Caribbean struggles to recover В______________, the most powerful in the region since Hurricane Felix in 2007. Hardest hit was Haiti, C____________, where over a hundred people have been killed and thousands displaced. In urban areas many people live in shantytowns and flimsy housing, D_______________. Winds up to 230 krnph (145 mph) battered and flattened houses, schools, churches, and crops. A much- delayed presidential election has been further postponed due to the loss of polling stations. Nearby Cuba evacuated hundreds of thousands of people in advance of the storm, E__________________there with heavy flooding and high winds.
As the storm turned toward the East Coast of the United States, millions of people were told to evacuate their homes — the largest mandatory evacuation since Superstorm Sandy in 2012. Four states declared a state of emergency in advance of the storm, F________________ 1992’s massively destructive Hurricane Andrew if it made landfall.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts. Chances are — especially among English speakers — it will be a second or two at most. Even among sign language speakers, studies show that typically we leave just a fraction of a second between taking turns to talk. But while this pattern may be universal, our perceptions of silence differ dramatically across cultures — a crucial detail if you’re doing business internationally. Anglophones tend to be most uncomfortable with long gaps in a discussion. And yet, knowing when to be tight-lipped can give you the upper hand in everything from sales deals and pay negotiations to presentations and staff development. Silence really is golden.
What one culture considers a perplexing or awkward pause, others see as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research conducted at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretched to four seconds, people started to feel unsettled. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people were happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings. These cultural differences are reflected in the saying in the US that ‘the squeaky wheel gets the grease’ while in Japan it’s reckoned that ‘a silent man is the best one to listen to’.
So why do mother-tongue English speakers find long pauses hard to handle? In the US, it may stem from the history of colonial America as a crossroads of many different peoples. When you have a heterogeneous complex of difference, it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. In contrast, when there’s more homogeneity perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with.
The fact that English speakers are generally so awkward around silence is partly why it can be such a powerful tool. Sales expert Gavin Presman consistently pauses after making a pitch — after reading that counsellors should wait five seconds after a patient finishes speaking. “In business, five seconds might be too long, so I leave three seconds and what happens is remarkable,” says Presman. “We often think that silence is people simply not speaking,” says Presman. “But it allows both people to settle down and reflect a bit deeper.”
Of course, there are times when it’s better to speak up. Silence can sometimes be misinterpreted. Researchers of courtroom interaction found lawyers advised clients giving testimony to think before answering and not jump in immediately. But juries often suspected that a silence before speaking meant the person was concocting a lie. The intention and the effect of silence are often different. In the workplace that can mean a manager announcing a decision and assuming that if staff are unhappy they will speak up. The employees, however, may see no point in saying anything because the boss has made up their mind. Learning how to face silence is an important skill, especially when working across cultures. Chinese negotiators are very, very aware that Americans like to fill silences and they are trained to stay silent and impassive because that will make the Americans uncomfortable and possibly make concessions without the Chinese having to do anything.
In presentations, silence can be far more effective than dramatic passion. A classic example was when Apple co-founder Steve Jobs launched the first iPhone. He introduced pauses so that you didn’t miss his key points. Because silence makes us nervous, our instinctive reaction is that we’d better pay attention, there’s something going on here.
Silence can be an inward-focused thoughtful activity or an outward stillness where you give yourself the time to watch and think and listen to the world around you. Silence can be a very powerful focal point for understanding ourselves, understanding others, for developing better mutual understanding and more productive outcomes and that applies to business, politics, education, law, medicine, every realm of human life.
Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
1) Fractions of seconds between taking turns to talk are universal.
2) People of different nationalities have different perceptions of silence.
3) Sign language speakers leave long gaps between taking turns to talk.
4) The key point is to understand differences in silence perception across cultures.
What does the phrase ‘give you the upper hand’ in Paragraph 1 mean?
1) To show your abilities and skills.
2) To support people around you.
3) To change the situation.
4) To exercise leadership in something.
Which culture values long silent pauses in conversation?
1) American.
2) Japanese.
3) Dutch.
4) English.
What, according to the text, does the tolerant attitude towards silence depend on?
1) On the place of communication.
2) On the level of anxiety.
3) On people’s heterogeneity.
4) On people’s homogeneity.
According to Gavin Presman, silence in conversation helps people ...
1) to finish speaking.
2) to think and analyze.
3) to be more attentive.
4) to answer wisely.
According to the author, silence can be misinterpreted when ...
1) a person makes pauses giving testimony in the courtroom.
2) a lawyer pauses making a speech.
3) a manager announces his decision.
4) employees discuss the manager’s decision.
Steve Jobs launching the first iPhone introduced pauses in order that...
1) people relax a little.
2) people get nervous and worried.
3) people pay attention to the most important ideas and facts.
4) people analyze the previous information.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные жирными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Перенесите полученный ответ в соответствующее поле справа. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19 — 25. Ответ пишите без пробелов и иных знаков.
KNOWBetween 1910 and 1970 the Australian government took 100,000 Aboriginal children away from their homes. These children,___________ as the Stolen Generation, were often under five years of age.
TAKEThey___________away from their families because the government did not believe in the future of the Aborigines.
BEThey thought it _________better to bring them to white families.
LATEMany methods were used to separate Aboriginal babies and children from their families. Children were simply taken away by government officials and_______told that they were orphans.
SUFFERMothers often were given documents to sign. They could not read or write and they were told it was some kind of vaccination programme. Others were taken to hospitals and never seen by their families again. In most cases rich white families were given money to bring them up. Some went to orphanages or church missions. There are many others in Australia who__________the same fate.
STARTIn 1995 an investigation ___________to bring more truth to the topic. The government however did not apologize to the victims.
MAKEThe new Prime Minister Kevin Rudd was the first Australian politician__________a formal apology to the Aborigines in 2008.
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные жирными буквам в конце строк 26—31, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните соответствующее поле справа полученными словами. Каждое поле соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
AVAILABLEEverything from a power outage, a house fire, car accident, water shortage, or a sudden evacuation due to flooding can leave you feeling panicked and lost without the right planning and resources.
A simple micro-preparation is to develop a family plan for where to meet in case something happens during the day and you can’t return to your home. In such an event, communication systems may be overloaded or otherwise ___________, so you may not be able to call or text family members to work out a plan on the fly. This is why it is so much better to have a plan for where to meet worked out in advance.
ENTERI was once greeted by signs taped to the __________of the grocery store that read “Cash only” when their credit card network was down due to flooding.
FORTUNATEMost people went away from the store without food, but_______I had cash with me. I keep a small supply of cash hidden in my car in case I find myself in need of fuel or a small repair.
FULLBe prepared to treat minor injuries by having a _________ stocked first aid kit on hand.
SEVEREQuick treatment can reduce the___________of an injury,
EMERGEand you may even be able to avoid a trip to the doctor’s office or___________room if you can handle some scrapes and minor injuries yourself.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 — 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 — 38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Having no idea where to start when you want to book a train trip in China? This article gives you a clear hand-on instruction to ease your 32 __. There are two ways to book train tickets in China: through the China Railway Bureau website; and through third party travel companies. If you are comfortable reading Mandarin Chinese and have a Chinese bank 33 _ , you can book through the China Railway Bureau Website. If not, do not worry! Whether you are a Chinese citizen (including residents of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau) or an international traveller, you can always choose third party travel companies as a(an) 34 ________way to complete your order and still enjoy your train trip in China.
Go to the website www.12306.cn and click on the button that reads “
”. This is the official China Railway Bureau website and guarantees the 35_________of your orders 100%. Unfortunately, however, the website does NOT provide English service and does NOT accept international payment methods. The button that links to ticketselling webpage will be on the left 36__________.
Pick a train that fits your plan and pay attention to seat class selection. There are different types of trains. G-trains are high-speed trains. On this type of train, there are no 37__________so it is all seating, and they only travel to various places. D-trains are also high-speed trains but somewhat slower. They provide sleeper cars and seating cars. C-trains are also highspeed trains but offer intercity service, so the number of times the train stops are few and there are no sleeper cars. Z-trains are express trains, but not high speed; they provide all 38__________. The same applies to T, К or no letter trains, which are regular, ‘slow’ trains.
anxiety
fear
care
attention
deposit
account
loan
credit
contrary
distinctive
alternative
variance
authenticity
realia
veracity
truth
advertorial
sidebar
handbill
freesheet
deck chairs
bedstones
berths
planks
services
groups
positions
classes
Раздел 4. Письмо
Для ответов на задания 39, 40 используйте Бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в Бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. При заполнении Бланка ответов № 2 вы указываете сначала номер задания 39, 40, а потом пишете свой ответ.
Раздел 5. Говорение
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Ancient Greece is the birthplace of Western civilization. The Greeks created a way of life that their contemporaries admired and copied. Classical Creek culture, philosophy in particular, exercised a powerful influence on the Roman Empire. The Romans copied Greek art and Greek gods.
The Ancient Greeks established democracy, started the Olympic Games and framed ideas governing science, art and philosophy. The Ancient Greeks lived in mainland Greece and the Greek islands, but also in what is now Turkey, and in colonies scattered around the Mediterranean coast. There were Greeks in Italy, Sicily, North Africa and as far west as France. Sailing the sea to trade and find new land, Greeks took their way of life to many parts of Mediterranean Basin and Europe. Athens was the capital of Greece. People came to the city from all over Greece, and from other countries, to study, work and to trade. Nowadays, Athens is a world’s oldest city, with its recorded history spanning around 3,400 years.
Study the advertisement.
You are considering choosing shoes for dancing and you are calling to find out more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out the following:
1) shop location
2) if shoes for men or women are offered
3) colour available
4) size available
5) if any sales or discounts are provided
You have 20 seconds to ask each questions.
These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.
You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:
— where and when the photo was taken
— what/who is in the photo
— what is happening
— why you keep the photo in your album
— why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with: “I’ve chosen photo number …”
Study the two photographs.
In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:
— give a brief description of the photos (action, location)
— say what the pictures have in common
— say in what way the pictures are different
— say which of the churches presented in the pictures you’d like more
— explain why
You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12—15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.
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